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Instrument:

A403 PDFTitle:PROMULGATION OF NATIONAL LAWS (NO. 2) 1997Gazette Number:L.N. 386 of 1997
Schedule:1Heading:Version Date:01/07/1997

《中華人民共和國領海及毗連區法》

(1992年2月25日第七屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會
第二十四次會議通過1992年2月25日中華人民
共和國主席令第五十五號公布1992年2月25日起施行)

第一條 為行使中華人民共和國對領海的主權和對毗連區的管制權，維護國家安全和海洋權益，制定本法。

第二條 中華人民共和國領海為鄰接中華人民共和國陸地領土和內水的一帶海域。
中華人民共和國的陸地領土包括中華人民共和國大陸及其沿海島嶼、台灣及其包括釣魚島在內的附屬各島、澎湖列島、東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島以及其他一切屬於中華人民共和國的島嶼。
中華人民共和國領海基線向陸地一側的水域為中華人民共和國的內水。

第三條 中華人民共和國領海的寬度從領海基線量起為十二海里。
中華人民共和國領海基線採用直線基線法劃定，由各相鄰基點之間的直線連線組成。
中華人民共和國領海的外部界限為一條其每一點與領海基線的最近點距離等於十二海里的線。

第四條 中華人民共和國毗連區為領海以外鄰接領海的一帶海域。毗連區的寬度為十二海里。
中華人民共和國毗連區的外部界限為一條其每一點與領海基線的最近點距離等於二十四海里的線。

第五條 中華人民共和國對領海的主權及於領海上空、領海的海床及底土。

第六條 外國非軍用船舶，享有依法無害通過中華人民共和國領海的權利。
外國軍用船舶進入中華人民共和國領海，須經中華人民共和國政府批准。

第七條 外國潛水艇和其他潛水器通過中華人民共和國領海，必須在海面航行，並展示其旗幟。

第八條 外國船舶通過中華人民共和國領海，必須遵守中華人民共和國法律、法規，不得損害中華人民共和國的和平、安全和良好秩序。
外國核動力船舶和載運核物質、有毒物質或者其他危險物質的船舶通過中華人民共和國領海，必須持有有關證書，並採取特別預防措施。
中華人民共和國政府有權採取一切必要措施，以防止和制止對領海的非無害通過。
外國船舶違反中華人民共和國法律、法規的，由中華人民共和國有關機關依法處理。

第九條 為維護航行安全和其他特殊需要，中華人民共和國政府可以要求通過中華人民共和國領海的外國船舶使用指定的航道或者依照規定的分道通航制航行，具體辦法由中華人民共和國政府或者其有關主管部門公布。

第十條 外國軍用船舶或者用於非商業目的的外國政府船舶在通過中華人民共和國領海時，違反中華人民共和國法律、法規的，中華人民共和國有關主管機關有權令其立即離開領海，對所造成的損失或者損害，船旗國應當負國際責任。

第十一條 任何國際組織、外國的組織或個人，在中華人民共和國領海內進行科學研究、海洋作業等活動，須經中華人民共和國政府或者其有關主管部門批准，遵守中華人民共和國法律、法規。
違反前款規定，非法進入中華人民共和國領海進行科學研究、海洋作業等活動的，由中華人民共和國有關機關依法處理。

第十二條 外國航空器只有根據該國政府與中華人民共和國政府簽訂的協定、協議，或者經中華人民共和國政府或者其授權的機關批准或者接受，方可進入中華人民共和國領海上空。

第十三條 中華人民共和國有權在毗連區內，為防止和懲處在其陸地領土、內水或者領海內違反有關安全、海關、財政、衞生或者入境出境管理的法律、法規的行為行使管制權。

第十四條 中華人民共和國有關主管機關有充分理由認為外國船舶違反中華人民共和國法律、法規時，可以對該外國船舶行使緊追權。
追逐須在外國船舶或者其小艇之一或者以被追逐的船舶為母船進行活動的其他船艇在中華人民共和國的內水、領海或者毗連區內時開始。
如果外國船舶是在中華人民共和國毗連區內，追逐只有在本法第十三條所列有關法律、法規規定的權利受到侵犯時方可進行。
追逐只要沒有中斷，可以在中華人民共和國領海或者毗連區外繼續進行。在被追逐的船舶進人其本國領海或者第三國領海時，追逐終止。
本條規定的緊追權由中華人民共和國軍用船舶、軍用航空器或者中華人民共和國政府授權的執行政府公務的船舶、航空器行使。

第十五條 中華人民共和國領海基線由中華人民共和國政府公布。

第十六條 中華人民共和國政府依據本法制定有關規定。

第十七條 本法自公布之日起施行。

附註：中華人民共和國政府已根據本法第十五條公布了中華人民共和國的領海基線，請參閱國務院在1996年5月15公布的《中華人民共和國政府關於中華人民共和國領海基線的聲明》*。

(English Translation)

LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
TERRITORIAL SEA AND THE CONTIGUOUS ZONE

(Adopted at the 24th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's
Congress on February 25, 1992, promulgated by Order No. 55 of the President of the
People's Republic of China on February 25, 1992, and effective as of the same date)

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the People's Republic of China to exercise its sovereignty over its territorial sea and the control over its contiguous zone, and to safeguard its national security and its maritime rights and interests.

Article 2 The territorial sea of the People's Republic of China is the sea belt adjacent to the land territory and the internal waters of the People's Republic of China.
The land territory of the People's Republic of China includes the mainland of the People's
Republic of China and its coastal islands; Taiwan and all islands appertaining thereto including
the Diaoyu Islands; the Penghu Islands; the Dongsha Islands; the Xisha Islands; the Zhongsha
Islands and the Nansha Islands; as well as all the other islands belonging to the People's Republic
of China.
The waters on the landward side of the baselines of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China constitute the internal waters of the People's Republic of China.

Article 3 The breadth of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China is twelve
nautical miles, measured from the baselines of the territorial sea.
The method of straight baselines composed of all the straight lines joining the adjacent base
points shall be employed drawing the baselines of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of
China.
The outer limit of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China is the line every point of which is at a distance equal to twelve nautical miles from the nearest point of the baseline of the territorial sea.

Article 4 The contiguous zone of the People's Republic of China is the sea belt adjacent to
and beyond the territorial sea. The breadth of the contiguous zone is twelve nautical miles.
The outer limit of the contiguous zone of the People's Republic of China is the line every
point of which is at a distance equal to twenty-four nautical miles from the nearest point of the
baseline of the territorial sea.

Article 5 The sovereignty of the People's Republic of China over its territorial sea extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to the bed and subsoil of the territorial sea.

Article 6 Foreign ships for non-military purposes shall enjoy the right of innocent passage
through the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the law.
Foreign ships for military purposes shall be subject to approval by the Government of the
People's Republic of China for entering the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China.

Article 7 Foreign submarines and other underwater vehicles, when passing through the
territorial sea of the People's Republic of China, shall navigate on the surface and show their flag.

Article 8 Foreign ships passing through the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China must comply with the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China and shall not be prejudicial to the peace, security and good order of the People's Republic of China.
Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear, noxious or other dangerous
substances, when passing through the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China, must carry relevant documents and take special precautionary measures.
The Government of the People's Republic of China has the right to take all necessary
measures to prevent and stop non-innocent passage through its territorial sea.
Cases of foreign ships violating the laws or regulations of the People's Republic of China shall be handled by the relevant organs of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the law.

Article 9 The Government of the People's Republic of China may, for maintaining the
safety of navigation or for other special needs, request foreign ships passing through the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China to use the designated sea lanes or to navigate according to the prescribed traffic separation schemes. The specific regulations to this effect shall be promulgated by the Government of the People's Republic of China or its competent authorities concerned.

Article 10 In the case of violation of the laws or regulations of the People's Republic of
China by a foreign ship for military purposes or a foreign government ship for non-commercial
purposes when passing through the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China, the competent authorities of the People's Republic of China shall have the right to order it to leave the territorial sea immediately and the flag State shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage thus caused.

Article 11 All international organizations, foreign organizations or individuals shall obtain
approval from the Government of the People's Republic of China for carrying out scientific research, marine operations or other activities in the territorial sea of the People's Republic of
China, and shall comply with the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China.
All illegal entries into the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China for carrying out
scientific research, marine operations or other activities in contravention of the provisions of the
preceding paragraph of this Article, shall be dealt with by the relevant organs of the People's
Republic of China in accordance with the law.

Article 12 No aircraft of a foreign State may enter the air space over the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China unless there is a relevant protocol or agreement between the
Government of that State and the Government of the People's Republic of China, or approval or
acceptance by the Government of the People's Republic of China or the competent authorities
authorized by it.

Article 13 The People's Republic of China has the right to exercise control in the contiguous zone to prevent and impose penalties for activities infringing the laws or regulations concerning security, the customs, finance, sanitation or entry and exit control within its land territory, internal waters or territorial sea.

Article l4 The competent authorities concerned of the People's Republic of China may, when they have good reasons to believe that a foreign ship has violated the laws or regulations of
the People's Republic of China, exercise the right of hot pursuit against the foreign ship.
Such pursuit shall be commenced when the foreign ship or one of its boats or other craft
engaged in activities by using the ship pursued as a mother ship is within the internal waters, the
territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the People's Republic of China.
If the foreign ship is within the contiguous zone of the People's Republic of China, the pursuit may be undertaken only when there has been a violation of the rights as provided for in the relevant laws or regulations listed in Article 13 of this Law.
The pursuit, if not interrupted, may be continued outside the territorial sea or the contiguous
zone until the ship pursued enters the territorial sea of its own country or of a third State.
The right of hot pursuit provided for in this Article shall be exercised by ships or aircraft of the People's Republic of China for military purposes, or by ships or aircraft on government service authorized by the Government of the People's Republic of China.

Article l5 The baselines of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China shall be
promulgated by the Government of the People's Republic of China.

Article l6 The Government of the People's Republic of China formulates the relevant
regulations in accordance with this Law.

Article l7 This Law shall come into force on the date of promulgation.

Remarks: The Government of the People's Republic of China has, pursuant to Article 15 of this Law, promulgated the baselines of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China. Please refer to the "Declaration of the Government of People's Republic of China on the baselines of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China" ** promulgated by the State Council on l5 May 1996.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Note:
* 見本資料庫文件A205
** See Instrument A205