Chapter:	369C	Title:	MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS	Gazette Number:
Regulation:	45	Heading:	Discharge pipes, valves, etc.	Version Date:	30/06/1997

(1) Discharge pipes, no matter of what material they may be made, are not to be fitted in a direct line between the outboard openings and the connections with the decks, water closets or similar fittings, but are to be arranged with bends or elbows of substantial metal, other than cast iron or lead.
(2) Pipes made of lead should have a sufficient bend to provide for expansion of the pipe or any movement due to the working of the ship.
(3) The pipes and valves should be protected from the cargo by substantial casings which need not be watertight.
(4) All bolts connecting cocks, valves, pipes, etc., to the shell plating of the ship must have their heads outside and the heads should be either countersunk or cup-headed.
(5) When water closets of the under-waterline type are to be fitted, plans should be specially submitted for approval.
(6) Special arrangements for the drainage of a watertight deck will usually be necessary, and the drainage pipes shall be so fitted with valves, or disposed in such a manner, as to avoid risk of water passing from a damaged to an undamaged compartment.